在考研英语中,一篇好的作文,必须做到紧扣文章主题,符合特定的文体格式,文章结构组织合理,语言使用恰当,语法、拼写、标点正确无误。而很多考生在写作中经常会出现语言表达过于简单、词汇使用不准确等问题,使得文章出错。下面,考研网(www.sudayz.com)就写作中常用到的词汇,给大家做了个整理。
【2018考研英语】七类特色词汇,你会几个?
一、中国古代传统文化与特色词汇翻译
1. 元宵节: Lantern Festival
2. 刺绣:embroidery
3. 重阳节:Double-Ninth Festival
4. 清明节:Tomb sweeping day
5. 剪纸:Paper Cutting
6. 书法:Calligraphy
7. 对联:(Spring Festival) Couplets
8. 象形文字:Pictograms/Pictographic Characters
9. 人才流动:Brain Drain/Brain Flow
10. 四合院:Siheyuan/Quadrangle
11. 战国:Warring States
12. 风水:Fengshui/Geomantic Omen
13. 铁饭碗:Iron Bowl
14. 函授部:The Correspondence Department
15. 集体舞:Group Dance
16. 黄土高原:Loess Plateau
17. 红白喜事:Weddings and Funerals
18. 中秋节:Mid-Autumn Day
19. 结婚证:Marriage Certificate
20. 儒家文化:Confucian Culture
21. 附属学校:Affiliated school
22. 古装片:Costume Drama
23. 武打片:Chinese Swordplay Movie
24. 元宵:Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling
25. 一国两制:One Country, Two Systems
26. 火锅:Hot Pot
27. 四人帮:Gang of Four
28. 《诗经》:The Book of Songs
29. 素质教育:Essential-qualities-oriented Education
30. 《史记》:Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian
31. 大跃进:Great Leap Forward (Movement)
32. 《西游记》:The Journey to the West
33. 除夕:Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival
34. 针灸:Acupuncture
35. 唐三彩:Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery
36. 中国特色的社会主义:Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics
37. 偏旁:radical
38. 孟子:Mencius
39. 亭/阁: Pavilion/ Attic
40. 大中型国有企业:Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises
41. 火药:gunpowder
42. 农历:Lunar Calendar
43. 印/玺:Seal/Stamp
44. 物质精神文明建设:The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization
45. 京剧:Beijing Opera/Peking Opera
46. 秦腔:Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera
47. 太极拳:Tai Chi
48. 独生子女证:The Certificate of One-child
49. 天坛:Altar of Heaven in Beijing
50. 小吃摊:Snack Bar/Snack Stand
51. 红双喜:Double Happiness
52. 政治辅导员:Political Counselor/School Counselor
53. 春卷:Spring Roll(s)
54. 莲藕:Lotus Root
55. 追星族:Star Struck
56. 故宫博物院:The Palace Museum
57. 相声:Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue
58. 下岗:Lay off/Laid off
59. 北京烤鸭:Beijing Roast Duck
60. 高等自学考试:Self-taught Examination of Higher Education
61. 烟花爆竹:fireworks and firecracker
62. 敦煌莫高窟:Mogao Caves
63. 电视小品:TV Sketch/TV Skit
64. 香港澳门同胞:Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao
65. 文化大革命:Cultural Revolution
66. 长江中下游地区:The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River
67. 门当户对:Perfect Match/Exact Match
68. 《水浒》:Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh
69. 中外合资企业:Joint Ventures
70. 文房四宝(笔墨纸砚):"The Four Treasure of the Study" "Brush, Inkstick,
Paper, and Inkstone"
二:中国意念词(Chinesenesses)
八卦 trigram
阴、阳 yin, yang
道 Dao(cf. logo)
江湖(世界) the
jianghu World (the traits’ world)
e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖,身不由己)
道 Daoism(Taoism)
上火 excessive
internal heat
儒学 Confucianism
红学(《红楼梦》研究) redology
世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia
开放 kaifang (Chinese
openness to the outside world)
大锅饭 getting
an equal share regardless of the work done
伤痕文学 scar
literature or the literature of the wounded
不搞一刀切 no
imposing uniformity on …
合乎国情,顺乎民意 to
conform with the national conditions and the will of the people
乱摊派,乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge
铁交椅 iron
(lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post
脱贫 to shake
off poverty; anti-poverty
治则兴,乱则衰 Order
leads to prosperity and chaos to decline
三、中华民族的喜庆节日
(Chinese
Festivial)
国庆节 National
Day
中秋节 Mia-Autumn Festival
春节 Spring
Festival
元宵节 Lantern
Festival
儿童节 Children’s Day
端午节 Dragon
Boat Festival
妇女节 Women’s
Day
泼水节 Water-Splashing Day
五四青年节 Youth
Day
中国独特的传统饮食(Unique
Traditional Chinese Foods)
馄饨 wonton
花卷 steamed
twisted rolls
套餐 set meal
盒饭 box lunch;
Chinese take-away
米豆腐 rice tofu
魔芋豆腐 konjak
tofu
米粉 rice
noodles
冰糖葫芦 a stick
of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.)
粉丝 glass
noodles
豆腐脑 jellied
bean curd
四、中国新兴事物
(Newly
Sprouted Things)
中国电信 China
Telecom
中国移动 China
Mobile
十五计划 the 10th
Five-Year Plan
中国电脑联网 Chinanet
三峡工程 the
Three Gorges Project
希望工程 Project
Hope
京九铁路 Beijing
CKowloon Railway
扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project
菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project
温饱工程 Decent-Life Project
安居工程 Economy
Housing Project
扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign
西部大开发 Go-West
Campaign
五、特有的一些汉语词汇
禅宗 Zen
Buddhism
禅 dhyana;
dhgaya
混沌 chaos
道 Daosim, the
way and its power
四谛 Four Noble
Truth
八正道 Eightfold
Path
无常 anity
五行说 Theory of
Five Elements
无我 anatman
坐禅 metta or
transcendental meditation
空 sunyata
虚无 nothingness
双喜 double
happiness(中),a doubled stroke of luck(英)
小品 witty
skits
相声 cross-talk
噱头;掉包袱 gimmick, stunt
夜猫子 night
people; night-owls
本命年 this
animal year of sb.
处世之道 philosophy of life
姻缘 yinyuan(prefixed
fate of marriage)
还愿 redeem a
wish (vows)
六、具有文化特色的现代表述
大陆中国 Mainland
China
红色中国 socialist China
四化 Four
Modernizations
终生职业 job-for-life
铁饭碗 iron rice
bowl
大锅饭 communal
pot
关系户 closely-related units
外出打工人员 migrant workers
关系网 personal
nets, closely-knitted guild
五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德):the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and
morals
四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美): the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized
behavior, and green environment
七、中国古代独特事物
宣纸 rice paper
衙门 yamen
叩头 kowtow
孔子Confucius
武术 wushu(Chinese
Martial Arts)
功夫 kungfu ;kung fu
中庸 the way of
medium (cf. Golden Means)
中和 harmony
(zhonghe)
孝顺 to show
filial obedience
孝子 dutiful
son
家长 family
head
三纲:君为臣纲,父为子纲,夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son
husband guides wife
五常:仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom
and fidelity
八股文 eight-legged essays
多子多福:The more
sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness
养儿防老:raising
sons to support one in one’s old age